popular struggle and movement(X)

                                   POPULAR STRUGGLE AND MOVEMENTS (CW)

Q1) In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?

Ans)

i)                   They try to gain public support and sympathy.

ii)                They try to influence media.

iii)              They organize protest activities like strike.

iv)              They disrupt government programmes.

v)                 They often employ professional lobbyists to influence government.

Q2) Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties.

Ans)

i)                   In some instances, the pressure groups are either formed or led by the political parties. (Ex- ABVP is led by BJP and NSUI is led by INC).

ii)                Sometimes political parties grow out of movements. (EX- AAP, DMK, AGP, AIADMK)

iii)              Usually movement groups raised new issues which is taken up by political parties.

Q3) Explain how the activites of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government?

Ans)

i)                   Pressure groups and movements have deepened democracy.

ii)                Public interest groups perform a useful role of countering the undue influence of rich and powerful people from the government.

iii)              The government gets to hear about the problems and interest of common man.

iv)              It leads to a rough balance of power.

v)                 It also accommodates the conflicting interests of different societies.

Q4) What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?

Ans)

Pressure Groups:-

i)                   Pressure groups are organization that attempt to influence government policies.

ii)                These organizations are formed when people with common occupation, interest and opinion come together.

iii)              They do not contest elections. They are not accountable to the people.

iv)              Their membership is limited.

v)                 These are informal institutions.

(Ex- Narmada Bachao Andolan, Movement for Right to Information etc)

Political Parties:

i)                   A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and to hold power.

ii)                They agree on some policies and programmes to promote society.

iii)              They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.

iv)              Political parties after coming to power frames the polices of a country.

v)                 Ex- BJP, INC, BSP etc.

                                  POPULAR STRUGGLE AND MOVEMENTS (HW)

Q1) Describe the factors that led to popular struggle for democracy in Nepal.

Ans)

i)                   Nepal witness an extraordinary popular movement in April 2006.

ii)                King Gyanendra was not prepared to accept democratic government. He took advantage of the weakness and unpopularity of democratic government

iii)              In 2005 he dismissed the popularly elected Parliament.

iv)              The movement of Nepal was aimed at regaining popular control over the government from the king.

Q2) Describe the main features of the popular struggle of Nepal.

Ans)

i)                   All the major parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance(SPA).

ii)                Maoist insurgents and various other organisations joined hands.

iii)              People defied curfew and came out to the streets.

iv)              The leaders of the movement rejected the half hearted concessions made by the king.

v)                 Finally the king was forced to accept all the demands. An interim government was formed under Girja Prasad Koirala.

Q3) Explain the difference and common features of the popular struggle of Nepal and Bolivia.

Ans)

Difference: The movement of Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle of Bolivia was against a policy of a democratic elected government.

Common Features:

i)                   Both these are instances of political conflict.

ii)                In both the cases the struggle involved mass mobilization.

iii)              Finally, both instances involved critical role of political organisations.

Q4) Discuss in brief the popular struggle of Bolivia.

Ans)

i)                   The World Bank pressurized the government to give up its control of municipal water supply.

ii)                Government sold these rights to a MNC for the city of Cochabamba.

iii)              Many people received monthly water bill of Rs 1000/- in a country where average income is around Rs 5000/- per month.

iv)              In January 2000, an alliance of labour and community leaders organized a successful four day strike in the city.

v)                 The power of people forced the official to flee the city. The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates.

Q5) Which groups were involved in Bolivia’s water war?

Ans)

i)                   The protest against water privatization in Bolivia was not led by any political party.

ii)                It was led by an organization called FEDECOR.

iii)              This organization comprised local professionals, engineers and environmentalists.

iv)              They were supported by farmers who relied on irrigation, factory workers unions and middle class students.

v)                 The movement was supported by the Socialist Party.

Q6) Differentiate between Sectional Interest groups and Public Interest groups.

Ans)

Sectional Interest Groups:

i)                   These interest groups seeks to promote the interest of a particular section of a society.

ii)                Eg Trade union, business associations etc.

iii)              They are sectional because they represent a section of society.

Public Interest Groups:

i)                   They promote collective rather than selective responsibilities.

ii)                They aim to help groups other than their own members.

iii)              Eg. A group fighting against bonded labour fights not for itself but for those who are suffering.

Q7) What are Movement groups? Explain with examples.

Ans)

i)                   The groups which tries to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame or a broad goal in the very long term are called Movement groups.

ii)                Eg- The Nepalese movement for democracy arose with the specific objective of reversing the king’s order.

iii)              Eg- In India, Narmada Bachao Andolan started with the specific issue of the people displaced by the creation of Sardar Sarovar dam.

iv)              Eg- The environmental movement and the women’s movement are examples of long term movement.

Q8) what values have you learnt from the chapter?

Ans)

i)                   Democratic values to defend our rights.

ii)                Unity to struggle against unjust policies.

iii)              Co-operation.

iv)              Team spirit.

v)                 Self-reliance.

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